通过锻造能消除金属在冶炼过程中产生的铸态疏松等缺陷，优化微观***结构，同时由于保存了完整的金属流线，锻件的机械性能一般优于同样材料的铸件。

Forging can eliminate the defects such as casting porosity and so on during the ***elting process, and optimize the microstructure. At the same time, because of the intact metal flow line, the mechanical properties of the forgings are generally better than those of the same materials.

选择好的锻件产品跟锻造工艺或者锻造厂家肯定是有关系的，现在有越来越多的锻件厂走向市场，对此，用户挑选锻件产品的难度就增加了。如果对锻件缺乏***的认识，那么，在选择的时候就会多很多顾忌。

The selection of good forging products is closely related to forging process or forging factories. Now more and more forgings factories are going to the market. Therefore, users' difficulty in selecting forgings is increasing. If the forgings are lack of professional knowledge, there will be a lot of scruples when choosing.

机器锻造是自由锻造的主要方法，可锻造质量达到几百吨的大型锻件，这使得自由锻在重型机械制造中具有特别重要的作用。例如，水轮机主轴、多拐曲轴、大型连杆、重要的齿轮零件，在工作时都承受很大的载荷，常采用自由锻造方法生产毛坯，使其具有很高的力学性能.满足使用要求。随着电动机的发明，十九世纪末出现了以电为动力的机械压力机和空气锤，并获得迅速发展。

Machine forging is the main method of free forging. It can forge large forgings with a quality of hundreds of t, which makes free forging play a very role in he***y machinery manufacturing. For example, the main shaft of a hydraulic turbine, a multi crank crankshaft, a large connecting rod, and important gear parts are subjected to he***y loads when they are working. Free forging is often used to produce blanks, so that they h***e high mechanical properties.

自由锻造的设备分为锻锤和液压机两大类。生产中使用的锻锤有空气锤和蒸汽-空气锤，有些厂还使用结构简单，***少的弹簧锤、夹板锤、杠杆锤和钢丝锤等。

The equipment of free forging can be divided into two categories: forging hammer and hydraulic press. The forging hammers used in production are air hammer and steam-air hammer. Some factories also use spring hammer, splint hammer, lever hammer and steel wire hammer with simple structure and low investment.