在考虑锻造工艺时特别是后一火的锻造时，应尽量避免在临界变形程度下进行，以免得到粗大晶粒***。具体来说，forging，高温下金属塑性好，变形抗力小，应采用远大于临界变形程度的较大变形量锻造；低温修正时采用低于临界变形程度的小变形量进行局部修整。

When the forging process is cidered， especially when the last fire is forged， the critical deformation should be ***oided as far as ，forging哪家好， so as to ***oid coarse grain structure. Concretely speaking， high temperature metal has good plasticity and ***all deformation resistance. We should adopt large deformation amount forging far greater than critical deformation degree. When low temperature correction is used， ***all deformation below critical deformation degree should be used for local trimming.

碾环是指通过专用设备碾环机生产不同直径的环形零件，主要用来生产汽车轮毂、火车车轮等轮形零件。特种锻造包括辊锻、楔横轧、径向锻造、液态模锻等锻造方式，这些方式都比较适用于生产特殊形状的零件。

Roller ring refers to the production of circular parts with different diameters through the roller ring machine of special equipment， which is mainly used to produce wheel hub， train wheel and other wheel shaped parts. Special forgings include roll forging， cross wedge rolling，forging报价， radial forging， liquid forging and so on. These methods are suitable for producing parts with special shape.

自由锻都是以生产批量不大的锻件为主，采用锻锤、液压机等锻造设备对坯料进行成形加工，获得合格锻件。 自由锻的基本工序包括镦粗、拔长、冲孔、切割、弯曲、扭转、错移及锻接等。自由锻采取的都是热锻方式。

Free forging is in the production of ***all quantities of forgings， the forging， hydraulic press forging equipment is carried out on the blank forming process， obtain qualified forgings. The basic process of free forging including upsetting， stretching， punching， cutting， bending， torsion， displacement and welding etc.. The free forging is all hot forging.

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