基本工序：自由锻造时，锻件的形状是通过一些基本变形工序将坯料逐步锻成的。自由锻造的基本工序有镦粗、拔长、冲孔、弯曲和切断等。

The basic process is: free forging, the shape of forging is gradually formed by some basic deformation processes. The basic process of free forging is upsetting, drawing, punching, bending and cutting.

自由锻造分手工自由锻和机器自由锻。手工自由锻生产效率低，劳动强度大，仅用于修配或简单、小型、小批锻件的生产。

Manual free forging is inefficient and labor intensive. It is only used for the production of repair or simple, ***all and ***all forgings.Free forging cists of manual free forging and machine free forging.

在芯棒上拔长。锻造时，先芯棒插入冲好孔的坯料中，然后当作实心坯料进行拔长。拔长时，一般不是一次拔成，先将坯料拔成六角形，锻到所需长度后，再倒角滚圆，取出芯棒。为便于取出芯棒，芯棒 的工作部分应有1：100 左右的斜度。

Pull on the mandrel. When forging, insert the mandrel into the billet of the hole and then pull it out as a solid billet. When drawing, it is not usually drawn at one time. First, the blank is drawn into a hexagonal shape, forged to the required length, then chamfered and rounded, and the mandrel is removed. To facilitate the removal of the mandrel, the working part of the mandrel should h***e a slope of about 1:100.