锻造工艺过程一般由以下工序组成，即选取优质钢坯下料、加热、成形、锻后冷却。锻造的工艺方法有自由锻、模锻和胎膜锻。生产时，按锻件质量的大小，生产批量的多少选择不同的锻造方法。

The forging process is generally of the following processes, namely, the selection of high quality billets, heating, forming and cooling after forging. The forging process includes free forging, die forging and fetal membrane forging. When manufacturing, according to the size of forgings and the number of production batches, different forging methods are chosen.

在现代工业生产中，机器自由锻已成为锻造生产的主要方法，在重型机械制造中，它具有特别重要的作用。而产生的锻件形状和尺寸主要由操作工的技术水平决定。

In modern industrial production, machine free forging has become the main method of forging production, and it plays a particularly important in he***y machinery manufacturing. The shape and size of the forgings are mainly determined by the technical level of the operator.

镦粗是镦粗示意图使毛坯高度减小，横断面积增大的锻造工序。 镦粗工序主要用于锻造齿轮坯、圆饼类锻件。镦粗工序可以有效地改善坯料***，减小力学性能的异向性。 镦粗与拔长的反复进行，可以改善高合金工具钢中碳化物的形态和分布状态。

Upsetting is the forging process that indicates that the blank height is reduced and the cross section area is increased. The upsetting process is mainly used for forging gear blanks and round cake forgings. The upsetting process can effectively improve the billet structure and reduce the anisotropy of mechanical properties. The morphology and distribution of carbides in high alloy tool steel can be improved by repeated upsetting and drawing.