自由锻的基本工序主要有镦粗、拔长、冲孔、切割、弯曲、扭转、错移及锻接等。模锻又分为开式模锻和闭式模锻．金属坯料在具有一定形状的锻模膛内受压变形而获得锻件，模锻一般用于生产重量不大、批量较大的零件。

The basic process of free forging are upsetting, stretching, punching, cutting, bending, torsion, displacement and welding etc.. Die forging is also divided into open die forging and closed die forging. Metal billets are pressed and deformed to form forgings in the forging die chamber with a certain shape, and die forging is generally used for producing parts with ***all weight and large batches.

镦粗 镦粗是对原坯料沿轴向锻打，使其高度减低、横截面增大的操作过程。这种工序常用于锻造齿轮坯和其他圆盘形类锻件。镦粗分为全部镦粗和局部锻粗两种。

Upsetting and upsetting is the process of forging the original billet along the axis, reducing its height and increasing its cross section. This process is usually used to forge gear blanks and other disc shaped forgings. The upsetting is divided into two kinds of upsetting and local forgings.

自由锻造是利用冲击力或压力使金属在上下砧面间各个方向自由变形，不受任何限制而获得所需形状及尺寸和一定机械性能的锻件的一种加工方法，简称自由锻。

Free forging is a processing method of forging parts, which can make metal in all directi*** of the anvil between the upper and lower anvil, and obtain the required shape and size and certain mechanical properties by the impact force or pressure, and the free forging is called free forging.