空气过剩系数:增大空气过剩系数，可以加速混合，使火焰变短，反之则混合缓慢，火焰拉长。这两种情况都有一些实际利用的例子。

Air surplus coefficient: increase the air surplus coefficient, can accelerate the mixing, make the flame shorter, and vice versa, slow mixing, flame elongated. There are some examples of practical use of these two cases.

石油化学工业炉燃料气与空气混合物离开火孔速度一般都比较高，都超过其火焰传播速度。但是燃烧器在结构上都有相应的措施保证不发生脱火现象，使火焰稳定燃烧。

The mixture of fuel gas and air in the petrochemical furnace is generally higher than that of the flame, which is more than the flame propagation speed. But the structure of the burner has the corresponding measures to ensure that the flame is not degenerated and the flame can be burned steadily.

蓄热式加热炉的辐射传热：辐射传热是物体热射线的传播过程，温度越高，辐射能量越大，此种传热存在于炉气对炉壁、炉气和炉壁对钢坯表面。

Radiation heat transfer of regenerative reheating furnace: radiation heat transfer is the propagation process of heat radiation of the object, the higher the temperature, the greater the radiation energy, the heat transfer exists in the furnace wall, furnace gas and furnace wall to the surface of the steel billet.