低塑性拔长时，应注意选择合适的送进比，送进比太小时，变形集中在上下部，中心都锻不透，并沿轴向产生拉锻造应关于锻件的一些基本知识力，导致内部横向裂纹产生。自由锻生产率低，加工余量大，但工具简单，通用性大，故被广泛用于锻造形状较简单的单件、小批生产的锻件。在镦粗时，常用软衬垫镦粗或叠镦（用于锻薄饼形零件），以改善变形的不均匀性，防止产生表面裂纹。

When low plasticity is pulled out, attention should be paid to selecting suitable delivery ratio, sending too much time, deformation on the upper and lower parts, and the center can not be built, and forging along the axial direction should be related to some basic knowledge of forging, resulting in the occurrence of internal transverse cracks. In the upsetting, commonly used soft liner (for upsetting or folding upsetting forging thin pancake, uneven parts) to improve the deformation, prevent the generation of cracks on the surface.

自由锻的基本工序主要有镦粗、拔长、冲孔、切割、弯曲、扭转、错移及锻接等。模锻又分为开式模锻和闭式模锻．金属坯料在具有一定形状的锻模膛内受压变形而获得锻件，模锻一般用于生产重量不大、批量较大的零件。

The basic process of free forging are upsetting, stretching, punching, cutting, bending, torsion, displacement and welding etc.. Die forging is also divided into open die forging and closed die forging. Metal billets are pressed and deformed to form forgings in the forging die chamber with a certain shape, and die forging is generally used for producing parts with ***all weight and large batches.

定期对设备进行***，所有的操作者工作之前必须带好防护用具。在进行锻造作业时，几个操作者之间要集中精力，互相配合，躲开***方向，选择相对安全的位置。

Maintenance of equipment on a regular basis, and all operators must take protective equipment before working. In the process of forging, several operators should their energy, cooperate with each other, ***oid the dangerous direction, and choose a relatively safe.

铝合金锻件的生产可在多种锻造设备上进行。锻锤可用于开式模锻和闭式模锻，其生产费用较低，锻打时需要控制好锤头的高度、打击力量和速度，因为在急剧变形过程中铝合金对应变速率敏感并具有放热性。在考虑锻造工艺时特别是***后一火的锻造时，应尽量避免在临界变形程度下进行，以免得到粗大晶粒***。机械压力机和螺旋压力机都广泛用于铝合金闭式模锻，适宜于生产中等尺寸、大体积和形状适度的铝锻件。

The production aluminum alloy forgings can be carried out on a variety of forging equipment. Hammer can be used for open die forging and closed die forging, the production cost is low, when the need to the forging hammer height, strike force and speed, because of the sharp deformation in the process Alloy strain rate sensitive and exothermic. Mechanical press and screw press are widely used in aluminum alloy closed die forging, which is suitable for the production of medium size, large volume and moderate shape aluminum forgings.