自由锻。指用简单的通用性工具，或在锻造设备的上、下砧铁之间直接对坯料施加外力,使坯料产生变形而获得所需的几何形状及内部质量的锻件的加工方法。 采用自由锻方法生产的锻件称为 自由锻件。

Free forging. It refers to the processing method of forgings directly using the external force between the upper and the lower anvil of forging equipment, so as to get the required geometry and internal quality by applying external force directly to the billet. Forgings produced by free forging are called free forgings.

自由锻的基本工序主要有镦粗、拔长、冲孔、切割、弯曲、扭转、错移及锻接等。模锻又分为开式模锻和闭式模锻．金属坯料在具有一定形状的锻模膛内受压变形而获得锻件，模锻一般用于生产重量不大、批量较大的零件。

The basic process of free forging are upsetting, stretching, punching, cutting, bending, torsion, displacement and welding etc.. Die forging is also divided into open die forging and closed die forging. Metal billets are pressed and deformed to form forgings in the forging die chamber with a certain shape, and die forging is generally used for producing parts with ***all weight and large batches.

基本工序：自由锻造时，锻件的形状是通过一些基本变形工序将坯料逐步锻成的。自由锻造的基本工序有镦粗、拔长、冲孔、弯曲和切断等。

The basic process is: free forging, the shape of forging is gradually formed by some basic deformation processes. The basic process of free forging is upsetting, drawing, punching, bending and cutting.

在芯棒上拔长。锻造时，先芯棒插入冲好孔的坯料中，然后当作实心坯料进行拔长。拔长时，一般不是一次拔成，先将坯料拔成六角形，锻到所需长度后，再倒角滚圆，取出芯棒。为便于取出芯棒，芯棒 的工作部分应有1：100 左右的斜度。

Pull on the mandrel. When forging, insert the mandrel into the billet of the hole and then pull it out as a solid billet. When drawing, it is not usually drawn at one time. First, the blank is drawn into a hexagonal shape, forged to the required length, then chamfered and rounded, and the mandrel is removed. To facilitate the removal of the mandrel, the working part of the mandrel should h***e a slope of about 1:100.