ABBTV989-2770-28NKOABBTV989-2770-28NKOABBTV989-2770-28NKO通常采用的有三种I/O控制方式：程序控制方式、中断控制方式和直接存储器存取方式。在进行微机控制系统设计时，可按不同要求来选择各外围设备的控制方式。1.程序控制方式程序控制I/O方式是指CPU和外围设备之间的信息传送是在程序控制下进行的。它又可分为无条件I/O方式和查询式I/O方式。（1）无条件I/O方式无条件传送方式的工作原理如图1所示。图1无条件传送方式I/O接口的电路原理图（2）查询式I/O方式查询式I/O方式也称为条件传送方式。按查询式I/O方式传送信息时，CPU和外围设备的I/O接口除需设置数据端口外，还要有状态端口。查询式I/O接口电路的原理框图如图2所示。图2查询式I/O方式接口电路的原理框图查询式I/O方式是微机控制系统中经常采用的方式。假设某微机控制系统中采用查询式对1＃、2＃、3＃三个外围设备进行I/O管理，其查询和I/O处理的简化程序流程图如图3所示。图3查询式I/O处理简化程序流程图2.中断控制I/O方式为了提高CPU的效率和使系统具有良好的实时性，可以采用中断控制I/O方式。在中断传送时的接口电路如图4所示。图4中断传送方式的接口电路微机控制系统中，可能设计有多个中断源，且多个中断源可能同时提出中断请求。多重中断处理必须注意如下四个问题：（1）保存现场和恢复现场。（2）正确判断中断源。（3）实时响应。（4）按优先权顺序处理。3.直接存储器存取（DMA）方式利用中断方式进行数据传送，可以大大提高CPU的利用率。但在中断方式下，仍必须通过CPU执行程序来完成数据的传送。每进行一次数据传送，就要执行一次中断过程，其中保护和恢复断点、保护和恢复寄存器内容的操作与数据传送没有直接关系，但会花费掉CPU的不少时间。DMA的工作流程如图5所示。图5DMA的工作流程图实现上述操作的DMA控制器的硬件框图如图6所示。图6DMA控制器框图图78237A的内部编程结构和外部连接5SME39HL02521B30035H011326AS-B660E-211746-IB161756-OA16193-EC2AD193-EC2CB193-EC3BB193-EC3EE193-EC3GG140CFA04000140XTS012062M167C1746-A131746-IB161746-IB321746-NO8I1746-NT81746-OB161746-P21747-L542C1FT6064-1AH71-4AH16ES7331-7KF02-0AB06ES7414-4HM14-0AB01C31194G011C31197G011C31189G011C31192G01R-IBIL24/230DOR4/W3HAC12928-1A06B-0116-B203#0100JACP-921900CP-9200SH/SVA1336S-B015-AA-EN4-HA1-L60090-761332094-BM02-SMPL-B4530K-MJ24AAATV31HU75N4APTQ-PDPMV11763-L16BWAEMF2177IB30336-31000TS4073N9E311C31189G011C31192G011C31194G011C31197G01A90L-0001-0442/R03031-0761-00226SN1118-0DG12-0AA0140CPU43412A6SE6430-2UD41-3FB0VMIVME7750-934DSQC6041336-BDB-SP39D1336-SN-SP8A6GK5204-2BB00-2AA3TSXCTY4ATSXP575634MTSXSCA721336-WB0091336-WB035EVS9327-ES00-104-69200-104-98200-113-4031C31122G01/1C31125G021C31129G03/1C31132G011C31224G01/1C31227G011C31234G015X00070G04/1C31116G045X00119G01/5X00121G01CS513DSAI130DSAO120ADSDI110ADSDO115ADSTA131DSTA1713BSE018311R1DSTD150APM6403BSE010534R1P/N:527-003-2506RX1240-0AL01MR-J2S-11KBSDCS-PIN-483BSE004939R0002SDCS-PIN-513BSE004940R0001SDCS-POW-1C63SF025220090031746OB16GL60S3CPUA860-0301-T002ATSN7001044-Y000NB5Q-TW00B6DD1606-2AB06DD1606-2AC06DD1606-3AC016207-61/1239RTMCAN1120E1140E1150EI2002DDSCR-GL70HAGILENT/11896AHP8157A6ES7432-1HF00-0AB0ECPP40-01PP40140CPS1420HC-RFS353AT3-010PM825A06B-0033-B577SCPSD-250-04-17XDM100P250-200-580140CPS12420140NOE77100140DDO35300TK-PRS021CQM1-CPU21CQM1-ID212CQM1-ID2131336F-B030-AA-EN-GM5-L5EHDD02.2_W040N_HD12_01_FWTAK-61086SN1118-0DM21-0AA06SN1123-1AA00-0EA16SN1123-1AA00-0JA0QUINT-PS-100-240VAC/24VDC175H1780ECPP40-01DRCH-1515A-404LP735-5-5-HI-485750-P5-G5-S5-HI-A20一RSR469-P5-HI一A20A06B-0266-B400A06B-0243-B401DCQC6041756-CNBRXDM1000CMLH-11-150S06MAC071A-0-ES-2-C/095-A-06ES5095-8MB026ES5928-3UB12140CPS11420140CRA93200972-0DP106SE6411-6BD22-2CA16SE6440-2UD32-2DA130083503E351136643700A3805EIC697BEM731V3L-139-D8UDX5128UGHMED-12GG20FC628-81002ME210103AAAA1769-L23E-QB1B6ES7214-2BD23-0XB86EC1110-3A6EC2110-3ASL-360TL-59036ES7151-1AA02-0AB0IC693MDL645IC693MDL940MVI56-MNETMVI56-PDPMV1PT40-H404-2-02CPSTB370-600-706AV3637-1ML00-0BX0A02B-0309-B5201B30035H011C31116G041C31129G031C31132G011C31166G011C31189G011C31194G011C31197G011C31219G011C31227G011C31233G041C31234G011X00024H013A99132G023A99158G015X00070G045X00119G015X00121G01A06B-6089-H104A06B-6089-H203A06B-6111-H015#H550A06B-6114-H105A06B-6114-H209A16B-1212-0100-01A16B-2201-0101/08AA16B-2201-0103/05AA16B-2203-0110/01AA16B-2203-0881/01A1756-ENBTHLDB3600FT33WJAMSC-C81101756-RM0010-12088A03B-0819-C002A03B-0819-C051A03B-0819-C154A03B-0819-C1611756IF161756-IF81756IM161756IM16I1756IR6I1756OB161756-OF8JZRCR-YPP01-16AV6671－5AE10－0AX0M100BVS5FDR90L/2PIC695CRU320IC695NIU001A20B-2902-0411IC693CPU374IC693MDL645IC693MDL940IC693PBM200IC693PWR331XVME-6537400AMAC071A-0-ES-2-C/095-A-06ES7222-1BF22-0XB8ZX345QZX346Q140CPS11100140CPS12400140CPU11303140CRP93100140DDI85300140XBP01600XRAPDDI01A9GT-QBUS2SA9GT-QBUSS6ES7313-6CG04-0AB0IC693ALG223IC693ALG442IC693CPU374TWDLCAA24DRF3HAC16831-13HAC17396-1WDP3-014IC695RU3201757-SRM/BRVC-12IC693ALG223IC693ALG392IC693CHS391IC693CPU372IC693MDL645IC693MDL740IC754VSI12CTDMVI69-MCMMVME147-012MVME147-SA-13HAB8101-163HAB8101-16/10AMT22D2-19PYZ4TBY2-1E1336F-BRF07-AA-EN-HAS21336F-BRF15-AA-EN-HAS2-L41336F-BRF75-AA-EN-HA2-L41746-A41746-IB161746-IM161746-OW161746-P21746-P41747-L5111747-L5321747-L542MX-201566636ES5-955-7NC12SGMCS-07B3C1180363975-150LC1FX436AV6643-0AA01-1AX06AV6671-1CB00-0AX26ES7212-1HD30-0XB06ES7231-4HF30-0XB06ES7241-1AH30-0XB06ES7241-1CH30-0XB06ES7954-8LB01-0AA06ES7952-1AK00-0AAO6FC5251-0AA16-0AA0EFG-7/EGPS-2017IC200MDL640IC200MDL74080363969-150140ACI04000140ARI03010140CRP93200140NOE77101140XBE10000ACS510-01-017A-4ACS510-01-025A-4ACS510-01-157A-4D4NL-2CFG-BMAC071A-0-ES-2-C/095-A-030400-20000140ACI03000140CPS11420140CPU67160140CRA93200140DDI84100140DDO84300140NOE77101490NOR000036RY1702-0CA206RY1702-0CA33DS-4202000AMPDS200DCFBG1BLC2094-BC01-M01-S2094-BC04-M03-S2094-BM012098-DSD-HV1006EW1890-2AC3HAB8101-16/10A505-4332M13-0116-G1014H1756-M22VF1204S140ACI04000140ACO13000140DDI35300140DDO35300TC-FXX102960DF16000A01756-IF16A20B-2002-03006177R-M3PXP1762-IF41762-IQ161762-OF41766-L3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