IS200RCSAG1ABB咨询***：18506919598（卢工）***：312782195摘要：阐述数控加工中心加工中常用的几种典型对刀的操作方法,对在对刀过程中功能模块进行描述比较,并对其在数控编程和加工中的应用进行介绍。关键词：对刀测量仪器编程原点工件坐标系1.前言随着科学技术和社会生产的迅速发展,机械产品日趋复杂,社会对机械产品的质量和生产率提出了越来越高的要求。传统的普通机床逐渐被高精度***率高自动化的数控机床所代替。数控机床的普及使用以及计算机辅助设计和制造(CAD/CAM)技术的迅速发展,大幅度地缩短了产品的制造周期,提高了产品的加工质量和市场竞争力,因而具有广泛的发展前景和显著的经济效益。而在数控加工中,对刀是很关键的一步,对刀操作的不正确,将直接影响零件的加工质量。也可能导致刀具与数控机床发生碰撞,造成不良后果。本文主要叙述数控立式铣加工中心加工中常用的机内对刀方法,并与数控编程有机的结合起来。2.数控加工中的对刀原理工件在机床上***装夹后,必须确定工件在机床上的正确位置,以便与机床原有的坐标系联系起来。确定工件具体位置的过程就是通过对刀来实现的,而这个过程的确定也就是在确定工件的编程坐标系(即工件坐标系),编程加工都是参照这个坐标系来进行的。在零件图纸上建立工件坐标系,使零件上的所有几何元素都有确定的位置,而工件坐标系原点是以零件图上的某一特征点为原点建立坐标系,使得编程坐标系与工件坐标系重合。对刀操作实质包含三方面内容:***方面是刀具上的刀位点与对刀点重合；第二方面是编程原点与机床参考点之间建立某种联系；第三方面是通过数控代码指令确定刀位点与工件坐标系位置。其中刀位点是刀具上的一个基准点(车刀的刀位点为刀尖,平头立铣刀的刀位点为端面中心,球头刀的刀位点通常为球心),刀位点相对运动的轨迹就是编程轨迹,而对刀点就是加工零件时,刀具上的刀位点相对于工件运动的起点。一般来说,对刀点应选在工件坐标系的原点上,这样有利于保证对刀精度,也可以将对刀点或对刀基准设在夹具***元件上,这样有利于零件的批量加工。在数控立式铣加工中心加工操作中,对刀的方法比较多,本文介绍常用的几种机内对刀操作方法。对刀过程流程图如图1:SquareDModel5Size458536CombinationStarterReversing2-SpeedMCCSectionSquareDModel5Size5BreakerMCC***et600AmpMHL36600MCCB8536SGO164"SquareDModel5Size5BreakerMCC***et600AmpMHL36600MCCB8536SGO170"SquareDModel5Size5BreakerMCC***et600AmpMHL36600MCCB8536SGO150"SquareDModModel5Size5250Amp42"BreakerMCC***etMCCB250ASz5SquareDModel5Size4BreakerMCC***et250AmpKAP3625026MMCCB8536-SFO1SquareDModel5600AmpMainBreakerFeederMCC***et600AMCCB36"SqDMod5SquareDModel5600AmpMainBreakerFeederMCC***et600AMCCB24"SqDMod5SquareDModModel5Size4250Amp21"BreakerMCC***etMCCB250ASz4SquareDModel521"Size4BreakerMCC***et250AKAP3625025M8502SFO2SF02SquareDModModel5Size4150AFuse30"FusibleMCC***etMCCBSz4150AmpSquareDModel5400AmpMainBreakerFeederMCC***et400AMCCB20"SqDMod5SquareDModel5400AmpMainBreakerFeederMCC***et400AMCCB36"SqDMod5SquareDModel5Size3BreakerMCC***et90AFHPReversing2Speed8536Sz3SquareDModel5Size3BreakerMCC***et100AFAP3610018MMCCB8536-SE0118"SquareDModel5Size3BreakerMCC***et100AFHPMCCB8536-SE01NoHeatersSquareDModModel5FeederBreakerMCC***et225AAmp20.5"201/2"SqDSquareDModel5400AmpMainBreakerFeederMCC***et400AMCCB26"LALSquareDModel5Size2BreakerMCC***et20AmpFCP34020MCCB8536-SD01Mod5SquareDModel5Size2BreakerMCC***et50AmpFHP36050MCCB8736-SD0118"SquareDModel5Size2BreakerMCC***et50AmpFHP36050MCCB8536-SD01Mod5SquareDModel5FeederBreakerMCC***et150Amp20.5"201/2"SqD150AMod5SquareDModel5FeederBreakerMCC***et100Amp8"SqD100AMod5MCCBSquareDModel5Size2BreakerMCC***et50AmpFAP36050MCCB8536-SD01Mod5SquareDModel5Size2BreakerMCC***et50AmpFAL36050MCCB8536-SD01Mod5SquareDModel5FeederBreakerMCC***et70Amp8"EightInchSqD70AMod5SquareDModel5FeederBreakerMCC***et60Amp8"EightInchSqD60AMod5SquareDModel5Size1BreakerMCC***et7AFHP3600712MMCCB8536-SC0312"SquareDModel5Size2BreakerMCC***et30AmpFAP360308536SD01MCCB30AmpSquareDModel5FeederBreakerMCC***et50Amp8"SqD50AMod5MCCBSquareDModel5FeederBreakerMCC***et60Amp12"SqD60AMod5MCCBSquareDModel5Size1BreakerMCC***et7AFAP36007ReversingStarter8736SzSquareDModel5Size1BreakerMCC***et15AmpFAP36015MotorLogicMCCBMod5SquareDModel5Size1BreakerMCC***et30AmpFHP36030MCCBMod58502SCO4SSquareDModel5Size1BreakerMCC***et7AmpFHP36007Reversing2SpeedMCCBSquareDModModel5Size1FHPBreakerMCC***et15ASquareDModel5SzSize1BreakerMCC***et30AFHP3603015MwithoutHeatersSquareDModel5FeederBreakerMCC***et15A8"SqD15AmpMod56inMCCBSquareDModel5FeederBreakerMCC***et40Amp8"SqD40AMod5MCCB6inchSquareDModel5Size1BreakerMCC***etFHP3AmpReversingMCCB8736Mod5SquareDModel5FeederBreakerMCC***et30Amp8"EightInchSqD30AMod5SquareDModel5Size1BreakerMCC***et30AmpFHP36030MCCB8536SCO3Mod5SquareDModel5FeederBreakerMCC***et20Amp8"6inchSqD20AMod5MCCBSquareDModel5FeederBreakerMCC***et20Amp12"SqD20AMod5MCCBSquareDModel5Size1BreakerMCC***et15AFHP3601513MNoHeatersMCCB12"SquareDModel5Size1BreakerMCC***et30AmpFHP36030NoHeatersMCCBMod5SquareDModel5Size1BreakerMCC***et30AmpFAP36030MCCB8536-SD03Mod5SquareDModel5Size1BreakerMCC***et15AmpFAL360158536SC03MCCBMod5SquareDModel5Size1FHPBreakerMCC***et3AmpMCCBMod5FHP360038536SC0SquareDModel5Size1BreakerMCC***et15AmpFAP3601513MMCCB8536-SCO3SquareDModel5Size1BreakerMCC***et7AmpFAP36007MCCB8536-SC03Mod5SquareDModel5Size1BreakerMCC***et30AFAL3603015MMCCB8536-SC0312"SquareDModel5Size1BreakerMCC***et7Amp8536SC03FAL36007MCCBMod55SquareDModel5SzSize1BreakerMCC***et15AFAP3601513MwithoutHeatersSquareDModel5Size1BreakerMCC***et3AmpFAP3600311M8536SCO3SquareDModel5Size1FusibleMCC***et30AmpMCCB8536SC0312"FusedSquareDModel5FusibleFeederMCC***et30AmpMCCBMod512"30ASquareDModel6SL66D33N4U40HPACVSDriveMCC***et100AmpMCCBFHP36100SquareDModel6Size5250AmpMCC***etMod6KHP36250MCCB8536SG01Sz542"SquareDModel6Size3100AmpMCC***et100AMod6MCCBSz3SqDMod672"SquareDModel6Size3MCC***et100AmpMod6MCCBSz3SqDBentSquareDMod6Size3FusedMCC***et100Amp2SpeedReverse5Pole8810-SE012SquareDModel6MotorControlCenter1200AHoriz/300AVertMCC3SectionMod6SquareDModel6800Amp28"MainBreakerFeeder***etMCCMCCBMHP36800800ASquareDModel6800A28"MainBreakerFeeder***etMCCMCCBMHP36800MT800AmpSquareDModel6MotorControlCenter1200A2-Secti***Mod6MCCDoubleSectionSquareDModel6Size4Reversing125A32"MCC***et125AmpMod6MC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