3-DG-180(3-EV-160)电动车蓄电池，属于观光车、游览车、巡逻车专用电瓶，6V的电压，180AH的容量，可选火炬蓄电池、骆驼蓄电池、邱健Trojan等品牌作为主机动力来源，电动观光车蓄电池的正极板是由板栅和活性物质组成的．在蓄电池反复的充放电循环过程中，随着极板上下不同物质的交替变换，将会使极板空率逐渐下降，在外观表现上，则是正极板的表面由开始的坚实逐渐的松软直到变成糊状，活性物质容易脱落，形成“黑水”，这就是所谓的正极板软化。电动观光车蓄电池经常大电流充放电、过放电都会加剧极板软化。蓄电池***次加入的电解液，应高于极板15~20mm。在使用的过程中，只补充去离子水或蒸馏水，不能再补充含有***的电解液。电解液在蓄电池的使用中，其中的***并不消耗，散失掉的只是其中的水分。补充水分必须在充电前进行，充电停止后补充水会加速电池的自放电。对电动观光车蓄电池的***次充电，初充电一定要充足。初充电不足会使蓄电池的结构容量发生部分硫化，导致蓄电池性能下降。用恒定电流充电是保障充足的必要条件。用恒流充入的电量应不少于标称容量的2倍。3-DG-180(3-EV-160)蓄电池是广州贝朗斯销量比较多的型号，性能稳定。蓄电池在高温季节使用时，主要存在过充电的问题。这是因为蓄电池温度升高时，各活性物质的活性增加，正极析氧电位下降，负极析氧电位也下降（负值下降）。因此充电时充电反应速度快，充电电流大，需要的充电电压较低，为防止过高的充电电压，故此应尽量降低蓄电池温度，保证良好散热，防止在烈日曝晒后即充电，并应远离热源。蓄电池在低温情况下，各活性物质的活度降低，其电极板上铅的溶解变得困难，致使充电时消耗铅后很难得到补充，因而充电电流大幅度下降。正极板在－20℃时充电接受电流仅为常温时的70%，而负极板充电受***的影响，低温充电接受能力更低，－20℃时的充电接受电流仅为常温下的40％。因此低温条件下，充电主要存在充电接受能力差、充电不足的问题，故此，应提高充电电压并适当延长充电时间。实践证明，改善蓄电池低温性能主要应从负极板着手。低温使用时对蓄电池应采取保温防冻措施，特别是充电时应放在温暖的环境中，以有利于保证充足电，防止不可逆***盐的产生，延长蓄电池的使用寿命。铅酸蓄电池保证有一定使用寿命的技术指标，是在环境温度为25℃时给出的。由于单体铅酸蓄电池电压具有温度每上升l℃下降约4mV的特性，那么一个由6个单格蓄电池串联组成的12V蓄电池．25℃时的浮充电压为l3.5V。当环境温度降为0℃时，浮充电压应为14.lV;当环境温度升至40℃时，浮充电压应为13.14V。与此同时，铅酸蓄电池还有一个特性，即当环境温度一定时，充电电压比要求的电压高lOOmV，充电电流将增大数倍，因此，将导致蓄电池热失控和过充损坏。但是当充电电压比要求电压低1OOmV时，则又会使蓄电池因充电不足而早期损坏。另外，铅酸蓄电池的容量也和温度有关。通常是温度每降低1℃，容量将下降1%。所以有的车辆使用说明书规定，使用者在夏天蓄电池放出额定容量的50%，冬天放出25%后就应及时充电。一个实际情况是日常使用的铅酸蓄电池不可能长期处在25℃的环境中。因此目前销售市场上普遍使用的各种晶闸管整流型、变压器***整流型以及一般的开关稳压电源型铅酸蓄电池充电机。由于多为以恒压或恒流方式对蓄电池进行充电，因而是无法达到铅酸蓄电池补充充电所需要满足的技术条件，故此，铅酸蓄电池出现硫化现象不可避免。3-DG-180(3-EV-160)electricvehiclebattery,belongingtothetourbus,tourbus,PatrolSpecialcarbattery,6Vvoltage,180AHcapacity,optionaltorchbattery,camelstoragebatteryandQiuJianTrojanbrandasthehostpowersource,electricsightseeingcarbatterypositiveplateiscomposedofgridandactivematerial.Inthebatteryagainthechargedischargecycleprocess,withalternatingdifferentmaterialontheplate,theplatewillmaketheairrategraduallydecreased,inappearance,isthesurfaceofthepositiveplatefromthebeginningofthesolidgraduallyuntilitbecomessoftpaste,activematerialeasytofalloff,theformationof"blackwater",thisistheso-calledpositiveplatesoftening.Electricsightseeingcarbatteryoftenhighcurrentchargedischarge,overdischargewillincreasetheplatesoftening.Theelectrolyteforthefirsttimeshouldbehigherthantheplate15~20mm.Intheprocessofusing,onlydeionizedwaterordistilledwatercanbeadded,andtheelectrolytecontainingsulfuricacidcannolongerbeadded.Electrolyteintheuseofthebattery,thesulfuricacidisnotc***umed,lostonlyoneofthewater.Addedwatermustbecarriedoutbeforecharging,rechargeafterthewaterwillacceleratethebatteryselfdischarge.Electricsightseeingcarbatteryforthefirsttime,theinitialchargemustbesufficient.Lackofinitialchargewillmakethebatterycapacityofthestructureofpartialsulfide,resultingindecreasedbatteryperformance.Chargingwithc***tantcurrentisanecessaryconditionforadequateprotection.C***tantcurrentchargeshouldbenolessthan2timesthenominalcapacity.3-DG-180(3-EV-160)batteryisGuangzhouBeilensmoresalesmodel,stableperformance.Whenthebatteryisusedinthehightemperatureseason,themainproblemofovercharge.Thisisbecausewhenthebatterytemperatureincreases,theactivityoftheactivesubstancesincreases,theoxygenevolutionpotentialdecreases,andtheoxygenevolutionpotentialofthenegativeelectrodedecreases.Therefore,whenchargingthechargingreactionspeed,chargingcurrent,chargingvoltageislower,inordertopreventthechargingvoltageistoohigh,soweshouldtrytoreducethebatterytemperature,toensuregoodheatdissipation,topreventcharginginthesun,andshouldbekeptawayfromheat.Undertheconditionoflowtemperature,theactivityofeachactivematerialisreduced,andthedissolutionofleadontheelectrodeplatebecomesdifficult,soitisdifficulttogettheleadaftercharging.Whenthepositiveplateischargedat20DEGC,thechargingcurrentisonlyaboutthesameasthatatnormaltemperature,whilethenegativeplatechargeisaffectedbytheexpansionagent,andthelowtemperaturechargingacceptanceabilityislower,andthechargingcurrentatthetemperatureof20DEGCisonlyaboutthesameasthatofthenormaltemperatureatthetemperatureof40%.Therefore,underlowtemperatureconditi***,themainchargeofthechargingcapacityispoor,theproblemofinsufficientcharging,therefore,shouldincreasethechargingvoltageandtheappropriateextensionofthechargingtime.Practicehasprovedthattheimprovementofthelowtemperatureperformanceofthebatteryshouldstartfromthenegativeplate.Thebatteryshouldbetakenwhenusinglowtemperatureinsulationantifreezingmeasures,especiallythechargeshouldbeplacedinawarmenvironment,inordertoensureadequateelectricity,preventirreversiblesulfateproduction,prolongtheservicelifeofthebattery.Leadacidbatteryhasacertainservicelifeofthetechnicalindicators,theenvironmentaltemperatureis25degrees.Becauseofthecharacteristicsofsinglelead-acidbatteryvoltagewithtemperatureriseldegreesdecreasedabout4mV,thena6cellbatterycomposedof.2512VSeriesCwhenthefloatingvoltageisl3.5V.Whentheambienttemperatureisreducedto0DEGC,floatvoltageshouldbe14.lV;whenthetemperaturereaches40degreesCelsius,thefloatingvoltageshouldbe13.14V.Atthesametime,thelead-acidbatteryhasacharacteristic,thatiswhentheenvironmenttemperature,thechargingvoltagehigherthanlOOmVvoltagerequirements,chargingcurrentwillincreaseseveraltimes.Therefore,thebatterywillleadtothermalrunawayandoverchargedamage.However,whenthechargingvoltageislowerthantherequiredvoltage1OOmV,thebatterywillbedamagedduetolackofchargeandearlydamage.Inaddition,thecapacityoflead-acidbatteriesandtemperature.Usuallythetemperaturedecreasesby1degreesC,thecapacitywilldropby1%.Therefore,someoftheprovisi***ofthevehiclemanual,theuserinthesummerof50%oftheratedcapacityofthebatteryrelease,afterthereleaseofthewintershouldbechargedin25%.Apracticalcaseisthedailyuseoflead-acidbatteriescannotbelong-termin25degreesCelsiusenvironment.Therefore,thecurrentmarketwidelyusedinavarietyofthyristorrectifier,transformerstep-downrectifierandthegeneralswitchingpowersupplytypelead-acidbatterycharger.Duetoc***tantvoltageorc***tantcurrentchargingmodeofbattery,soitisunabletoachievethelead-acidbatterychargingtechnologyneededtomeettheconditi***,therefore,thelead-acidbatteryvulcanizedinevitablephenomenon.http:///p?nid=489&lid=90)