RockwellAllen-Bradley1756-TBCH1794-TB32变频器的技术品位的高低是逐步发展而成型的，随着使用要求的提高及技术的发展，器件的品质，功能的扩展，自动化技术的进步而逐步前进的。一般判断产品的质量有以下十个要点是首先要考虑的，如下：1、变频器的控制方式控制方式是决定变频器性能的首位，它取决于软件编程技术。随着时代的前进，技术发展，变频器控制方式有：（1)V／f=C属开环控制；（2)SVPWM空间电压矢量控制，属开环控制；(3)矢量控制VC,属闭环控制，有电流I，磁通φ，转矩T，转速n四种；一般内环是φ、T、I任选一种，外环是n（或w）。(4)直接转矩控制DTC属闭环控制，在n=0时可有400%Te，以上四种常用的。2000年后国外出现无反馈装置的变频器，即不需要另外加装传感器或编码器，利用变频器在工作时的电流、电压、磁通、转速变化，通过检测、解耦等器件装置，反馈到输入端详见图1、表1、表2。自问世后深受用户欢迎和青睐，主要是方便使用，功能不亚于有速度传感器反馈装置的变频器。目前高压变频器控制方式以A、B两种为多数。无反馈装置在试制中，C处于研发中。2．独特的几种变频器的控制方法（1)优化PWM矢量控制正弦脉宽调制SPWM具有电路简单、线性度好的优点，但输出电压不高，最大线性输出电压幅值仅为输入电压的/2=0.866,其实质是相电压控制法。优化PWM矢量控制模式采用双调制过程，即三角波相位预及调制信号(0～50Hz)的幅值共同调节来控制IGBT的开关工作状态，方法是通过开关角α（30°～60°)及调制深度α=正弦波幅值／三角波幅值<0．95。特点是总谐波电流损耗小，脉动转矩小。当α=0.92～0．95时，谐波损耗最小，尤其当载波频率较低时，能充分显示出其优越性，表现为输出电压提高约20％，谐波减小，但信号波调制深度与开关角之间的线性度受到影响。随着α加大电压受控性变小，但总谐波电流失真THD值仍较小，因此常被选用。（2)PWM的调制方法控制①同步调制在一个调制信号周期内包含三角波的个数不变，在改变信号周期的同时成比例改变载波周期，使≥3，且必须是奇数。在开关频率较低时，可以保证输出波形的对称性，但在较低频率时，载波数量显得稀疏，从而产生电流波形脉动谐波加大，因此只适用在f>20Hz频率段工作，目前的V／F方式即如此。②异步调制调制信号周期变化的同时载波周期仍保持不变，即，这种调制特点是在低频工作时对减小谐波损耗及转矩脉动大有改善，适用f<20Hz低频工作段。③随机调制按调制信号的周期及输出的电压值，能自动选择调制方式与调制深度a及开关角α，以适应工作频率变动幅值较大、负载转矩或功率变动大及有冲击性的闭环系统。这种调制方式是从根本上解决SPWM在低频工作段存在先天不足，即转矩变小、转矩脉动、谐波较大的缺点，但软件技术上有一定难度，几乎国内外没有这类调制方式的产品。近（3）按电动机U型特性曲线与V／f配合方式的控制按电动机U特性曲线与V／f配合的控制方式——众所同知，V／f控制是静态的调压，即当f一定时，电压也一定了，它没有按电动机负载率β的大小进行最佳控制。日本AREX公司10年前获得世界公认的超能士节能控制器，多了一个环节，可按实际的负载率β来自动搜索(通过专用集成电路)，输出最小的工作电压和最小工作电流(U形特性曲线)，因此是最节电的，比一般变频器在相同工况条件下，能多节电8％～10％，而且cos，是个动态调功控制器，特别适用风机、水泵类负载。在节能运行时，效果特好，早期产品为SMX系列，近年为扩大使用范围，适用调速需要，新品种为VMX系列。后来日立J300系列变频器在节能运行时也有此功能。电动机的U形特性曲线见图2。（4）模糊控制方式模糊控制(FUZZY)此方式按电动机参数及运行状态，通过模糊控制方法控制，特别适用通用单片机如8031等为CPU的场合应用，模糊控制软件简化不要数学模型，又可对多变量实时控制，随机变量能达一定精度要求，在冰箱、空调、洗衣机、微波炉等家电应用较广。当然模糊控制也适用变频器的控制，如Vacon变频器就采用模糊电流矢量控制(见图3)。VarianV1000TurboPumpController:90daywarranty.MKSENIOEM-2000RFPowerSupply:Rebuilt,90DayWarra...Varian951-52106"ASAAirSwingVacuumGateValveMDCGV-4000V-ASAVacuumGateValve,6"ASA:RebuiltMDCGV-6000V-ASA-04VacuumGateValve:RebuiltPfeiffer/Balzer?sTCP600TurboPumpController:90day...HVA122-06016"SS/ANSIVacuumGateValve:RebuiltMKSENISpectrumB-5002RFPowerSupplyAMAT0190-15320SeikoSeikiSCU-301/301CTurboPumpController:90day...Veeco-Commonwea?lthScientificMarkIIControllerIonSo...RFPPAM-20:13.56MHzAutomaticMatchingNetwork,31501...MKSENIPolara260A:90DayWarrantyMagnetronCathodeforThinFilmDepositionusingDCPow...VarianTV551NAVMacroTorrTurboVacuumPump:Factory...LeyboldTW700TurboVacuumPump#800051V0002:Factory...AdvancedEnergyProSysHiLight012PSVCORFPowerSupplyAdvancedEnergyPinnacleDCMagnetronPowerSupply6x6...VAT16548-PA21ISO250VacuumPendulumValveOxfordAppliedResearchATM103AutotuneControllerATM...VAT64048-UE5212"CFVacuumGateValvePolycoldBrooksCryotigerOxfordCompressorTestedGoodVAT16546-PA21PendulumVacuumValveVAT16540-PH41ISO100VacuumPendulumValveVAT65148-PACWVacuumPendulumValveVAT16548-P121ISO250VacuumPendulumValveVeeco/MillerFPP-5000AutomaticFourPointProbe:90Da...KevexX-RayTubeDivisionK3003PSPowerSupplyYaskawaXU-ACP130-A03Pre-Aligner,Serial#S4M619-3-01BOCEdwards300mmCoverRing,AMAT#0200-76057AppliedMaterialsLidIsolator,AMAT#0200-00554V-TEXNCDQ2WB63-01-01?93USAngleValveVTEXSMCNor-Cal...SeikoSeikiSCU-603CTurboPumpController:Rebuilt,90...EdwardsEXC120TurboPumpController,Part#D39616000...TokyoElectronACT12-SlamKit,RT,Part#233-4939-71,...VAT0340X-MH2438x330WaferTransferVacuumValveActua...SeikoSeikiSTP-H2001K2TurboPumpController,Serial#...AdvancedEnergyPinnacleDCMagnetronPowerSupplyAEM...90DayWarranty,Output:20kW,400-1,000V,Input480VHVA11212-9801R6"ASAVacuumGateValve:Rebuilt,90D...SorensenXantrexElgarSGA200/50E-0AAADCPowerSupply:...SeikoSeikiSTP-H1301L1TurboVacuumPump-H1301:Rebu...AdvancedEnergyVM1500AWRFTuner,100-240V,1,500W,...AdvancedEnergyAPEX1500/13RF13.56MHzPowerSupply:...SeikoSeikiSTP-603CTurboVacuumPump,S/NM841980:Re...AdvancedEnergyCesar1330RFPowerSupply,3kW,13.56...RFPPAM2013.56MHzAutomaticMatchingNetwork,M/N3150...OerlikonLeyboldTMP1000CTurboVacuumPump:11764,Re...VarianTV70DTurboVacuumPump,Model#969-9361:Rebu...AdvancedEnergyPDX-5000RFPowerSupply:M/N3156043-2...AdvancedEnergyRFX600A13.56MHzRFPowerSupply600W...OerlikonLeyboldTMP1100CTurboVacuumPump:FactoryR...LeyboldTW300TurboVacuumPump800170V2101:FactoryR...OerlikonLeyboldMAGW1300CTurboVacuumPump400110V...OerlikonLeyboldTMP1000CTurboVacuumPump:855351Ye...OerlikonLeyboldMAG3200TurboVacuumPump:FactoryRe...MDCGV-8000V-ASA-05SP6"ASAVacuumGateValve:Rebuil...OerlikonLeyboldTW701TurboVacuumPump:FactoryRebu...AD-TECAX-2000EUIIRFGenerator,2kW13.56MHz:RebuiltMKSENIOEM-25BRFPowerSupply:Rebuilt,90DayWarran...OerlikonLeyboldT1600TurboVacuumPump:FactoryRebui...EdwardsRV12-E2M12VacuumPump230/460V:RebuiltAquafineCorp.SL-10AUltravioletWaterTreatmentSyste...BrooksPolycoldAquatrap/Cryoti?gerT1102-15-000-30AdvancedEnergyPinnaclePlusDCMagnetronPowerSupply...90DayWarranty,Output:10kW,325-800VDC,Input400VHVA11210-0803RA-00?1ISO200VacuumGateValve,Stainle...InficonTemescalIC/5Multi-processDepositionControll...CHAHeaterPowerSupply,Model#7569-10withQuartzSu...Adixen/Alcatel2021VacuumPump:2021SD,VarianSD-451,...5M-1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