GINO电阻,GINO电阻器德国GINO是世界***的电阻制造商.产品行销世界各地.Manyyearsofexperienceandknow-howPowerresistorsmadebyGINOcanbefoundinallindustrialsectors.Forthedevelopment,designandmanufactureofresistorsouremployeescandrawonmorethan50yearsofexperience.Brokendownbytechnicalapplicati***,GINOmanufacturesair-andoil-cooledstarterresistors,brakingresistors,loadandtestingresistorsaswellasgroundinganddampingresistors.Inaddition,GINOalsooffersspecialresistorsforallratingclasses.Dependingonthefieldofapplication,themostvariedsystemsandnearlyallcommonly***ailablematerialsareusedforthemanufactureofourresistors.Inadditiontoeconomicaspectsalsotheoptimumutilizationofthephysicalpropertiesplaysanimportantrolefortheselectionofmaterials.ThankstotheirvastexpertisetheengineersofGINOcontinuouslydevelopnewfieldsofapplicationandmanufacturingopti***.Thisappliesinparticulartothedemandingfieldoftransportengineeringwithitsparticularlyhighdemandsintermsoftheoperationalsafety,low-maintenanceandlongservicelifeoftrainresistors.GINO’sproductportfolioissupplementedbythemanufactureandsaleofcranecabins.Inadditiontothemanufactureofstandardcabins,thecompanyalsodrawsonitslongstandingexpertisefortheproductionofspecialcabins.Theproductrangeisroundedoffbythedesignandmanufactureofcraneoperatorseatsandcompleteelectricalsystemsforcranecabinsandcontrolplatforms.TheultramodernCNCmachinesusedinGINO’ssheetmetalformingcentercomplementourproductportfolio.ModernsoftwareisusedtotranslateCADdrawings,makingthemsuitablefordirectreadingbytheCNCmachines.Highestprecisionisalwaysensuredthankstotheuseofspecialmanufacturingprocessessuchaslasercutting,chamferingandpunchnibbling.GINObrakingresistorsGINObrakingresistorstakeontheexcessenergyofadrivenmotortherebyslowingitdown.Thedrivenmotortakesontheroleofagenerator.Thecurrentdirectionandmomentreverseandthegeneratortriestocounter-actthedriveforces,i.e.itbrakes.Moderndrivetechnologynowonlyoperateswiththree-phasemotors.Aslipringmotorwithpowersupplyfromthegridwithareversedfieldtakestheroleofagenerator,suppliesitsenergytotheresistorsintherotorcircuitandistherebysloweddown.However,state-of-the-artdrivetechnologyalmostexclusivelyusessquirrelcagemotors.Wherethespeedistobecontrolled,staticfrequencyconvertersareusedwhich,inafirststep,convertthelinevoltagetodirectvoltage(d.c.linkvoltage)andthenintoathree-phaseoutputvoltagewithvariablefrequency.Themotorspeedfollowsthefrequencyattheoutletofthefrequencyconverter.Ifthefrequencyis***allerthantheactualspeed,themotorbecomesoversynchronousandturnsintoageneratorthatreturnstheexcessenergy.Theenergyistakenonbyabrakingresistorinstalledintheintermediatecircuit.Thismayoccurintheformofbriefsurgesor,asinthecaseofatraindrivingdownhill,ofenergyactingforalongerperiodoftime.Thebrakingresistormustbecapableoftakingonbothbriefsurgesandthespecifiedcontinuousload.Inprinciple,alldesignsaresuitedforapplicationasbrakingresistor.For***allerdrives,wire-woundresistorsareoftenusedwhilelargerdrivesrequirecastiron,steelgridorribbon-woundresistors.GINOcastironresistorsGINOcastironresistorsusecastironasresistorconductors.Castironisaveryeconomicalmaterial,particularlyforresistorsusedforintermittentorshort-termoperationwherethestoragecapacityismostimportant.Forthisapplication,theironiscastintoplateswithw***e-patternrods.Thediameterandlengthoftherodsaswellasthematerialcharacteristicsdeterminetheresistanceoftheelement.Severaldifferentelementswithvaryingroddiametersandlengthsbutwiththesameconnectionandfixingpointsformasystem.Inadditiontothelatestincastironresistorsystems(GINO,SIEMENS3PR3…)GINOGmbHalsomanufacturesandsuppliessparepartsandspareelementsformostsystemseversoldonthemarketplace.Themainfieldofapplicationforcastironresistorsarestartingandrheostatresistorsfordrives,particularlydriveswithaslip-ringmotor,whichareincreasinglyreplacedbydrivescontrolledwithstaticfrequencyconverterswithsquirrelcagemotor.Otherapplicati***aregroundingresistorswhereanoptimumprice/performanceratioofthestoragecapacityismostimportantGINOdampingresistorsGINOdampingresistorsingeneralareresistorsthath***ethetasktolimitthecurrentinacircuitorpreventinadmissiblyhighcurrentorvoltagepeaks.Particularlytheresistorsusedinfiltercircuitsarecalleddampingresistorsandareswitchedinparalleltothereactancecoilstodampenthem.Theresistortakesonthevoltagepeaksthatforminthereactancecoiltherebypreventinginadmissiblevoltagesurges.Itreducesthecircuitqualityfactorthusresultinginalargerfilterbandwidth.GINOexcitationresistorsGINOexcitationresistorsarestartingresistorsformagnetcoils.Magnetcoilsareusuallywoundwithcopperconductors.Copperhasarelativelylargetemperaturecoefficientoftheresistancevaluesothatacoilatoperatingtemperaturehasaresistancevaluethatisupto20%higherthanthatofacoldcoil.C***equently,amagnetcoilusuallyhasalowerintrinsicresistanceascomparedtoitsnominalvoltage.Astartingresistor,theso-calledexcitationresistor,adjuststhedesiredoperatingcurrenttobeachievedatoperatingtemperature.Moreover,excitationresistorsmadefromasuitableresistoralloyalsocompensatethetemperaturecoefficientofthetotalresistanceinacircuit.Atypicalexampleforanexcitationresistoristhefieldresistorofd.c.machineswhichadjuststheexcitationcurrentandthusthespeedofamotororthevoltageofagenerator.Fastresp***eresistorsarestartingresistorsformagnetcoilsthatalterthepickuppropertiesofthecoils.Thecoilisoperatedwithastartingresistoratahigher,mostlydouble,nominalvoltage.Thestartingresistorreducesthetimec***tantofthetotalcircuitT=L/(Rv+Ri),resultsinafastercurrentriseandthusinafasterbuild-upofthemagneticfield.Anotherwaytoreachthisobjectiveistoexcitethecoilwithahighcurrentandtheninsertanupstreameconomyresistor.However,thissolutionisonlyfeasiblewhenachangeoftheexcitedmagneticcircuitresultsinthesamemagneticinductionasduringthestartingphase.Atypicalexamplewouldbethepowercontactorwithd.c.excitation.GINOgroundingresistorsGINOgroundingresistors.Inmediumvoltagegridswithlow-resistanceneutralgrounding,groundingresistorsrestrictanygroundfaultcurrenttoamaximumadmissiblevalueuntilthecorrespondingprotectiverelaysh***eswitchedoffthedefectivecircuit.Incompensatedgridswheretheneutralpointsaregroundedviainductivities,theyservetolocalizeanyexistinggroundfaultbybrieflyconnectingtheneutralpointofthetransformertoaresistortoincreasetheeffectivecomponentofthefaultcurrent.Groundingresistorsaretypicalresistorsforshort-termapplicati***.Theirmainfeatureistheirenergystoringcapacity.Therefore,castironresistorsareoftenselectedforsuchapplicati***.GINOribbon-woundresistorsGINOribbon-woundresistorsareaspecialtypeofsheetresistors.***allsheetstripsorribb***areusedasresistorconductorsthatareeitherflat-woundoredge-wound,appliedasw***e-formspiraledstructuresorconnectedinseriesasindividualstripswithterminals,byhard-solderingorwelding.Withthismethod,high-performancelow-resistanceresistorsareobtained.Theadvantageofribb***isthesameasthatofsheets:largesurfacescanbeobtainedatacomparablylowmaterialweightthisbeingdecisivefortheheattransferathighcontinuousloads.GINOsheetresistorsGINOsheetresistorsusesheetsthatarepunchedinaw***epatternorprovidedwithslotstoincreasethecurrentdistanceandcreateadefinedresistancevalue.Withelementsofthesamesize,differentpunchingorslottingcancreatealargenumberofdifferentresistancevaluesthatformasystemandcanbefreelycombined.Giventheirgrid-typeappearanceandthesteelalloysthatarefrequentlyusedasresistormaterial)