自由锻的基本工序主要有镦粗、拔长、冲孔、切割、弯曲、扭转、错移及锻接等。模锻又分为开式模锻和闭式模锻．金属坯料在具有一定形状的锻模膛内受压变形而获得锻件，模锻一般用于生产重量不大、批量较大的零件。Thebasicprocessoffreeforgingareupsetting,stretching,punching,cutting,bending,torsion,displacementandweldingetc..Dieforgingisalsodividedintoopendieforgingandcloseddieforging.Metalbilletsarepressedanddeformedtoformforgingsintheforgingdiechamberwithacertainshape,anddieforgingisgenerallyusedforproducingpartswith***allweightandlargebatches.锻造设备是指在锻造加工中用于成形和分离的机械设备。锻造设备包括成形用的锻锤、机械压力机、液压机、螺旋压力机和平锻机，以及锻造操作机、开卷机、矫正机、剪切机、等辅助设备。Forgingequipmentisthemechanicalequipmentforformingandseparatinginforging.Forgingequipmentincludesforginghammer,mechanicalpress,hydraulicpress,screwpress,forgingmachine,forgingmachine,coiler,straighteningmachine,shearingmachine,andotherauxiliaryequipment.锻造设备主要用于金属成形，所以又称为金属成形机床。锻造设备是通过对金属施加压力使之成形的，力大是其基本特点，故多为重型设备，设备上多设有安全防护装置，以保障设备和人身安全。Forgingequipmentismainlyusedformetalforming,soitisalsocalledmetalformingmachinetool.Forgingequipmentisformedbyexertingpressureonmetal,anditsbasiccharacteristicsarelargeforce.Therefore,mostoftheequipmentarehe***yequipment,andmanysafetyprotectiondevicesaresetupontheequipmenttoensurethesafetyoftheequipmentandthebody.)