19世纪下半叶欧洲炼钢技术的进步要求轧制更大吨位的钢锭，无论是灰铸铁或冷硬铸铁轧辊的强度均已不能满足要求。含碳量为0.4%～0.6%普通铸钢轧辊相应诞生。重型锻压设备的出现更使这种成分的锻造轧辊的强韧性得到进一步提高。InthesecondhalfofthenineteenthCentury,theprogressofsteelmakingtechnologyinEuroperequireslargertonnagesteelingotstoberolled.Neitherthestrengthofgrayironorchilledcastironrollscanmeettherequirements.Theordinarycaststeelrollwithacarboncontentof0.4%to0.6%isbornaccordingly.Theemergenceofhe***yforgingequipmentmakesthestrengthandtoughnessoftheforgingrollofthiscomponentfurtherimproved.这些应力沿辊身的散布是不均匀的、不断改变的，其原因不只有规划要素，还有轧辊在运用中磨损、温度和辊形的不断改变。Thedispersionofthesestressesalongtherollisunevenandc***tantlychanging,andthereas***arenotonlytheplanningelements,butalsothec***tantchangeofwear,temperatureandrollshapeintheuseoftherolls.)